Battery module construction

ABSTRACT

Described are mechanically robust, thermally managed battery module constructions including a battery case, a reinforcing divider in the case, and battery cells housed by the reinforcing divider. The reinforcing divider defines a plurality of thermal transfer elements externalized of the battery case. A shock dampening material can be provided between the reinforcing divider and the battery case to facilitate a mechanical, shock-dampened, reinforcing integration of the divider and case.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 61/680,690 filed Aug. 7, 2012 and entitledBattery Module Construction, which is hereby incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates generally to batteries and componentstherefor, and in certain embodiments to battery modules including aplurality of connected battery cells housed within a reinforcing dividercontained within and mechanically integrated to reinforce a batterycase.

Technologies in the fields of battery materials and chemistries haveadvanced significantly in the past few decades. The use of batteries,off-grid, to power a multitude of transportation and utility apparatusesis growing. Many of these uses, however, put high physical andperformance demands upon the batteries. This can be particularly true inregions where grid power has traditionally been unavailable.

Batteries in general, and more particularly lithium-ion batteries,present challenges. For instance, variations in electrical storage withoperating temperatures are often experienced which can decrease batterylife and performance. Lithium-ion and other batteries can lose capacityat an accelerated rate when stored or operated in higher temperatureenvironments. Complicating the matter is the fact that some lithium-ionbatteries tend to increase temperature during operation due to Jouleheating within the batteries. As the temperature of some lithium-ionbatteries increases to a destructive level, cells within the batteriescan become unstable and begin internally discharging across theirnegative and positive terminals. This discharge can generate Jouleheating and warm the battery further. In turn, the increasingtemperature causes further instability, discharge, and (potentially) theloss of the battery.

Another challenge with many modern battery designs stems from the factthat battery cell constructions are physically vulnerable.Illustratively, lithium ion battery chemistry is often encompassed in a“soft pouch” or “pouch cell” format, where the internal components andchemistries are incorporated within a flexible polymeric pouch. If thispouch is damaged, leaks can result which can potentially createelectrical “short” circuits that can lead to battery loss. Similarissues can be experienced with other mechanically vulnerable batterycell constructions.

In light of the background in this area, needs exist for improved and/oralternative battery module constructions, which provide effectivemechanical protection and/or thermal management features forincorporated battery cells and for extending the functional life of themodule as a whole. In certain of its aspects, the present invention isdirected to these needs.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, provided is a battery module including a polymeric casedefining a plurality of openings in a wall thereof. A shock dampeningmaterial is received within the polymeric case, and a monolithic,thermally-conductive, reinforcing divider is at least partially receivedwithin the polymeric case. The monolithic, thermally-conductive,reinforcing divider is arranged to structurally reinforce the polymericcase, with the shock dampening material positioned between thereinforcing divider and the polymeric case and operable to dampen andtransfer forces between the polymeric case and the reinforcing divider.The monolithic, thermally-conductive, reinforcing divider includes aplurality of dividing wall members defining a plurality of cavitiestherebetween, with the cavities located within the polymeric case. Themonolithic, thermally-conductive reinforcing divider also defines aplurality of thermal transfer projections received through respectiveones of the openings of the polymeric case and providing thermaltransfer members projecting externally of the polymeric case. Lithiumion battery pouch cells are received within the polymeric case andinclude lithium ion battery pouch cells received at least partially inrespective ones of the divider cavities. An electronic control board isreceived within the polymeric case and electrically couples the lithiumion battery pouch cells in series to provide a battery pouch cell seriesor module. Negative and positive electrical terminals are electricallycoupled to the battery pouch cell series on respective ends thereof. Inpreferred forms, the reinforcing divider is composed of extrudedaluminum, which can potentially be modified post-extrusion, e.g. bymachining, to incorporate additional features. The reinforcing dividercan also define at least one external reinforcing scaffolding structurethat includes a plurality of elongate scaffold walls extending in afirst direction and a plurality of cross-scaffold walls extending in asecond direction transverse to said first direction and connecting theelongate scaffold walls. The battery case can include at least first andsecond case portions which are sealed together to form an enclosure, forexample at mating peripheral rims or lips provided on each portion.

In another embodiment, provided is a battery module including a batterycase and a monolithic divider element at least partially received withinthe battery case. The monolithic divider element includes a plurality ofdividing wall members defining a plurality of cavities therebetween. Aplurality of battery cells are received within the case and includesbattery cells received at least partially in respective ones of thedivider cavities and electrically connected to provide a battery cellseries. A negative electrical terminal is electrically coupled to afirst end of the battery cell series, and a positive electrical terminalis electrically coupled to a second end of the battery cell series. Incertain embodiments, the divider element is composed of extrudedaluminum, and or defines at least one external reinforcing scaffoldingstructure including a plurality of elongate scaffold walls extending ina first direction and a plurality of cross-scaffold walls extending in asecond direction transverse to the first direction and connecting theelongate scaffold walls. In addition or alternatively, the batterymodule can include a shock dampening material positioned between thedivider element and the battery case. The monolithic divider element canbe only partially received in the battery case, and can define one ormore thermal transfer elements, desirably a plurality of thermaltransfer elements, exposed externally of the battery case. The transferelements can be in heat transfer relationship with the dividing walls,and the dividing walls can be in heat transfer relationship with thebattery cells.

In another embodiment, provided is a battery module including a batterycase and a divider element at least partially received within thebattery case. The divider element includes a plurality of dividing wallmembers defining a plurality of cavities therebetween. A plurality ofbattery cells is received within the polymeric case and includingbattery cells received at least partially in respective ones of saidcavities and electrically connected in a battery cell series. A negativeelectrical terminal is electrically coupled to a first end of thebattery cell series. A positive electrical terminal electrically coupledto a second end of the battery cell series. Beneficial variants of suchembodiments include those containing unique structural and/or spatialpositioning of thermal transfer elements potentially in combination withone or more additional features as described for the embodiments in theDetailed Description below.

Still further embodiments relate to methods of making and methods ofusing battery modules as described herein.

Additional embodiments, as well as features advantages of aspects of theinvention, will be apparent to persons of ordinary skill in the relevantart from the descriptions herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 provides a perspective view of one embodiment of a batterymodule.

FIG. 2 provides a top view of the battery module of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 provides a bottom view of the battery module of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 provides a partial cut-away view of the battery module shown inFIG. 1 and illustrating internal components thereof.

FIG. 4A provides an enlarged cut-away view of a section of theperipheral flange of the battery case as shown on the left side of FIG.4.

FIG. 5 provides a front view of the reinforcing divider of the batterymodule of FIGS. 1 to 4.

FIG. 6 provides a top view of the reinforcing divider shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 provides a bottom view of the reinforcing divider shown in FIG.5.

FIG. 8 provides a view of the inside of the battery case tub of thebattery case of the battery module of FIGS. 1 to 4.

FIG. 9 provides a plan view of the inside of the battery case cap memberof the battery module of FIGS. 1 to 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of theinvention, reference will now be made to certain embodiments thereof andspecific language will be used to describe the same. It willnevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of theinvention is thereby intended, and alterations and modifications in thereferenced embodiments, and further applications of the principles ofthe invention as illustrated herein are contemplated as would normallyoccur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.

As disclosed above, in certain aspects, the present invention pertainsto battery modules, and methods and components for assembling the same.Referring now generally to FIGS. 1 to 9 together, shown is oneembodiment of a battery module 20 of the invention. Battery module 20includes an outer battery case 22, which is desirably composed of animpact-resistant polymeric material such as glass-reinforcedpolypropylene, a polymeric/carbon fiber composite, or the like. Batterymodule 20 also includes a reinforcing divider element 24 that ispartially received within the interior of battery case 22. Thereinforcing divider 24 is desirably a monolithic, thermally-conductivemember that serves multiple purposes, including structurally reinforcingthe battery case 22 to provide mechanical stability to module 20, aswell as defining cavities for housing battery cells, such as lithium ionbattery pouch cells 26. Reinforcing divider 24 also defines a pluralityof thermal transfer element 80 that are positioned at least partiallyexterior of the interior enclosure of battery case 22, as discussedfurther below. In the preferred embodiment shown, thermal transferelements 80 extend beyond a bottom wall 42 defined by case 22. Case 22further defines a lip 23 extending below bottom wall 42 of case 22 andwhich is constructed and arranged to support the weight of module 20.Lower lip 23 can extend below bottom wall 42 sufficiently to reduce oreliminate any weight to be supported by thermal transfer elements 80when module 20 is supported on a surface by lip 23. For these purposes,lower lip 23 can extend below bottom wall 42 a distance that is at leastequal to, and desirably greater than, the distance that thermal transferelements 80 extend below bottom wall 42. Lip 23 can define at least oneopening, and desirably a plurality of openings 25, when module 20 isresting on a surface. This can serve to allow ventilation of the spaceunderneath module 20, in which thermal transfer elements 80 reside, whenmodule 20 is resting on a surface as supported by lip 23.

Battery module 20 also includes a control board 28 or other meanselectrically connecting the battery cells 26 to provide cell group(s) inseries and/or parallel, a positive terminal 30, and a negative terminal32 connected to the battery cell group(s). As well, battery module 20can include a handle member 34 for carrying module 20, which can asillustrated be comprised of flexible straps and a grip connected to thebattery case 22, for example by securing straps of handle 34 throughopenings 36 provided in a flange of case 22. Also, positioned within thebattery case 22, between the case 22 and the reinforcing divider 24, isshock dampening material 38. Shock dampening material 38 can be providedas a singular unit or substance or can be provided at multiple, selectedlocations, interposed between and contacting surfaces of the reinforcingdivider 24 and battery case 22. In this manner a stable fit of thedivider 24 within the case 22 can be provided, that will preventshifting of the divider 24 within the case 22 and mechanically integratethe divider 24 and the case 22 so that the divider 24 can serve toreinforce the case 22 against impact or shock forces imparted to theexterior of case 22. Desirably, reinforcing divider 24 will bereinforcibly mated in this fashion with at least the sidewalls and thebottom wall of the battery case 22. Suitable shock dampening materials38 may include, for example, polymer foam materials such as PORON®Urethane foam (Rogers Corporation, USA) and/or elastomeric and/orpolymeric substances (e.g. silicone or other rubbers), which may alsoserve as adhesives to bond the reinforcing divider 24 to the batterycase 22.

Turning now to a more detailed discussion of various components of thebattery module 20, shown in FIG. 4 is a partial cut-away view of thebattery module 20 illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3. Battery case 22 includesa lower portion or tub 22A and an upper portion or cap member 22B. Tub22A defines an internal volume generally larger than that of cap member22B, with tub 22A including side walls 40 connected to bottom wall 42.Bottom wall 42 defines a plurality of openings 42A (see FIGS. 3 and 8),such as slots, which are arranged to receive therethrough projectingthermal transfer members 80 defined by the reinforcing member 24. Casetub 22A also defines a peripheral flange 44, which can be used forsealing engagement with battery case cap member 22B. Peripheral flange44 can define a cavity such as a slot 46 (shown in phantom in FIG. 4;see also enlarged cutaway section in FIG. 4A, and FIG. 8), for receiptof a compressible seal member 48 (phantom, FIG. 4) to aid in creating asealed environment, desirably a hermetically or other moisture-proofsealed environment, within the assembled battery case 22. Battery casecap member 22B defines sidewalls 50 and a top wall 52. Top wall 52defines a number of openings including a first opening 54 for receipt ofa display screen 64 for displaying information, for example about thestatus of one or more conditions of battery module 20. Top wall 52 alsodefines openings 56 and 58 for receipt of and providing access topositive 30 and negative 32 terminals of battery module 20. Cap member22B can also in certain embodiments define terminal covers 56A and 58Awhich are arranged to reversibly cap or cover openings 56 and 58,respectively, to enable selective protection of terminals 30 and 32 fromenvironmental conditions such as contaminants, moisture, or others.Covers 56A and 58A can for example be caps that are secured to cappingmember 22B by a molded, living hinge. Cap member 22B also defines aperipheral flange 60 arranged to mate with peripheral flange 44 of tub22A. Peripheral flange 60 can define a cavity 62 such as a slot (shownin phantom, FIG. 4; see also enlarged cut away section in FIG. 4A, andFIG. 9), for alignment with slot 46 of flange 44 of tub 22A, forcapturing and compressing the seal member 48 within a seal cavitydefined by cavities 46 and 62 combined. In the assembly of batterycasing 22, the tub 22A and cap member 22B can be attached to one anotherin any suitable manner including for example the use of an ultrasonicweld between flanges 44 and 60, respectively, the use of adhesive orbonding agents, the use of suitable connectors such as bolts and nuts,or any other suitable means.

Within the battery case 22 when assembled, electronic control board 28electrically connects pouch cells 26, for example in series and/orparallel in groups. This electrical connection can be made in any knownmanner including for example by ultrasonic welding of the positive andnegative electrodes of the pouch cells 26 to control board tabs, wherethe control board contains the necessary conductive materials to arrangethe connected pouch cells 26 in series and/or parallel as desired. Inaddition to providing the cell connectivity, the control board 28 cancontain circuitry, software and/or other components for sensing and/orcommunications, cellular or global positioning satellite signaling forpurposes of locating or tracking module 20, and/or for data transfer,including in some embodiments two-way data transfer. Some or all sensedconditions of the cell, or information relating to communications,signaling or data transfer, can be displayed on a display 64 coupled tocontrol board 28. Display 64 may, for example, be a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD). Such a display 64 may, for example, display the state ofcharge and/or state of health of the battery module or of individual orgroups of battery cells within the battery module 24, and may forexample common indicators of health of charge such as a selected colorlike red, yellow, or green to signify a state of charge or health of thebattery module 20. The inclusion of electronics for communication anddata transfer can provide for the generation of electromagnetic signalsby the module 20 or other modules of the invention for remote reportingand/or data collection with regard to sensed conditions of and/orlocation of the battery module 20 and potentially also for receivingsignals for control of operation(s) of the module 20 from remotelocations, and can for example utilize cellular and/or satellitecommunications networks for these purposes. These electronics areincorporated into the control board (e.g. control board 28) in certainembodiments.

Control board 28 is also electrically connected to a positive electricalterminal 30 and a negative electrically terminal 32, which as will beunderstood are ultimately connected to the pouch cell or cells 26, andwhich provide electrical access to draw upon the electrical potentialstored by battery module 20. Terminals 30 and 32 can provide either maleor female type connectors for connecting to cables or other conductivemembers, with female connectors being provided in some preferredembodiments. It will be understood that as located upon control board28, terminals 30 and 32 will be arranged to correspond in location withopenings 56 and 58 in cap member 22B, respectively, and that display 64will be arranged to correspond in location with opening 54 in cap member22B. It will also be understood that these components 66, 68 and 64 canbe sealingly received in or through openings 56, 58 and 54, potentiallywith the use of gaskets or sealants or the like, to facilitate a sealedenvironment within case 22.

With particular reference to FIGS. 5 to 7, shown are front, top andbottom views, respectively, of multi-purpose reinforcing divider 24.Divider 24 includes a plurality of wall members 70 which in the depictedembodiment are arranged in generally parallel fashion relative to oneanother. Wall members 70 are connected by a set of transverse wallmembers 72 which retain wall members 70 in positions spaced from oneanother. Cross walls 72 can in certain embodiments be thicker thandividing wall members 70. Reinforcing divider 24 thereby defines aplurality of cavities 74, in the depicted embodiment in the form ofslots, which are defined between sidewalls 76 of adjacent wall members70. A lower wall 78 of slots 74 is defined by an upper surface of thecross wall members 72. Reinforcing divider 24 also defines a pluralityof thermal transfer elements 80 which are connected to cross wallmembers 72. In the depicted embodiment, thermal transfer elements 80generally form continuing portions of wall members 70 occurring on theopposite side of cross walls 72. Other arrangements are of coursepossible within the scope of the invention. Thermal transfer elements 80include sidewalls 82 and a bottom wall surface 84, to be exposedexterior of the interior enclosure defined by battery case 22 in thedepicted embodiment (See e.g. FIG. 1, bottom). As shown particularly inFIG. 7, thermal transfer members 80 are provided in two rows. Thisarrangement can be provided by modification of an extruded member (e.g.extruded aluminum or other metal) extruded to a continuous shape havingthe profile shown in FIG. 5. This modification can include removal ofsections of the lowermost wall portions from which thermal transferelements are formed (see dotted-line rectangular boxes in FIG. 7representing areas where extruded wall sections have been removed), forexample by machining, to result in the rows of elements 80 as shown.Appropriate finishing of the machined or otherwise modified extrudedpiece, for example using polishing or other smoothing operations, can beapplied in the manufacture of the reinforcing divider 24.

Reinforcing divider 24, in the preferred embodiment depicted, alsoincludes integrated external reinforcing scaffolding structures 86 and88. Reinforcing scaffolding structures 86 and 88 each include aplurality of elongate scaffold walls 90, 92, 94 extending in a firstdirection and a plurality of cross-scaffold walls 96 extending in asecond direction transverse to the first direction, and connecting theelongate scaffold walls 90, 92, 94. Reinforcing scaffolding structures86 and 88 can thereby define a plurality of closed cells 98. Theoutermost walls 94 of scaffolding structures 86 and 88 can extendnon-parallel to walls 90 and 92 and to walls 70, and in preferredembodiments are each inclined at an angle to position them, when divider24 is received in battery case 22, in a substantially parallel plane toadjacent sidewalls of the battery case 22 that the walls 94 willreinforce. Scaffolding structures 86 and 88 can provide enhancedmechanical strength and increase the resistance of the reinforcingdivider 24 to damage from impact forces directed at the outer surfacesof scaffolding structures 86 and 88.

Shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 are views illustrating the interior regions ofthe battery case tub 22A and the battery case cap member 22B,respectively. In FIG. 8, the plurality of bottom wall openings 42A canbe clearly seen. As shown, the openings 42A are provided in two setsextending along the length of tub 22A, divided by a central wall region100 which spans between first lateral end wall portion 102 and secondlateral end wall portion 104. As shown, rows of dimensionally identicalopenings, in the depicted embodiment slots, occur on either side ofcentral wall portion 100. It is preferred that the bottom wall of tub22A, as shown, includes at least one internal rib or wall portion 100spanning between sets or groups of openings, to provide structuralstability to the bottom wall of tub 22A. As will be understood, thethermal transfer members 80 of reinforcing divider 24 are constructedand arranged to correspond in location to the openings 42A in the bottomwall 42 of tub 22A, and to be receivable through the openings 42A. Alayer or bead of shock dampening material (38, see previous Figs.) canbe provided on the inner surface of bottom wall 42 of tub 22A, tocontact the lower surfaces of cross walls 72 and 96 of the reinforcingdivider 24 when assembled into tub 22A. This shock dampening materialmay also optionally be sufficient to create a sealed periphery aroundthe 42A collectively, in groups, or individually. This can provide alower seal for the interior region of case 22 residing above and housingthe battery cells 26 and potentially electronic components of controlboard 28, such that gases or other potential contaminants passing intoopenings 42A do not pass into such interior region. Alternatively,separate sealing agents or mechanisms can be used.

Also shown in FIG. 8 is a plurality of slotted retainers 102 forcapturing the lateral edge portions 70A (see FIG. 6) of walls 70 ofreinforcing divider 24. Slotted retainers 102 each define a slot havinga back wall 104 that is inclined relative to the inner surface 40A ofthe adjacent sidewalls 40, with back wall 104 preferably extendingperpendicular to bottom wall 42 and thus situating in a substantiallyvertical plane when bottom wall 42 is positioned in a substantiallyhorizontal plane. Further, the back walls 104 of retainers 102 alignedwith one another on opposed sides of the tub 22A (e.g. retainers 102Aand 102B as labeled in FIG. 8) are preferably spaced a distance from oneanother such that the lateral edge portions of walls 70 of retainer 24are captured in the respective slots of the retainers, potentiallyfrictionally engaging such lateral edge portions either with walls 104and/or walls 106, and/or with a shock dampening material (e.g. anadhesive and/or foam material as described herein) received within theslots of the retainers 102. This further facilitates a mechanicalintegration of reinforcing divider 24 and battery case 22. In thepreferred battery module 20, the slot back walls 106 and the lateraledges of reinforcing divider walls 70 both extend substantiallyvertically when module 20 is placed with the lower surface of the bottomlip 23 residing upon a horizontal surface.

Referring now particularly to FIG. 9, located on the interior of capmember 22B are a plurality of reinforcing struts or ribs that increasethe structural integrity and strength of the cap member 22B. In thedepicted cap member 22B, primary, thicker ribs 110 divide portions ofthe cap member 22B into generally quadrilateral segments, and areinterconnected by secondary, thinner ribs 112 which define a pluralityof triangular enclosures. The ribs, e.g. 110 and 112, can be moldedintegrally with the cap member 22B, and can for example be about 1 to 3mm in height as they extend inward from the inner surface of the outerwall of the case cap member 22B. Corresponding or similar reinforcingrib structures are also desirably provided on the interior of batterycase tub 22A.

In operation, battery module 20 provides a highly protected, thermallymanaged condition for battery cells 26. Thermal energy (heat) generatedduring operation of battery cells 26 can transfer to walls 70 ofreinforcing divider and from there to thermal transfer elements 80exposed externally of the sealed environment of the case 22 in whichcells 26 are housed. Similarly, heat from the environment external ofthe battery can be transferred to battery cells 26 where cells 26 arecooler than the external environment, as may occur during charging or anon-operational state of cells 26. In some embodiments, a thermallyconductive material, for example a thermally conductive adhesivematerial, can be positioned between and potentially contact and/oradhere the outer surfaces of cells 26 and the walls 70. The thermalmanagement provided can aid in optimizing the performance of cells 26.In the illustrated embodiment, the thermal management of cells 26 ispassive thermal management, in that no active heating or cooling fluidsare circulated through or against the thermally-conductive reinforcingdivider 24. It will be understood that active heating or cooling couldbe applied to reinforcing divider 24 in other embodiments, and divider24, e.g. walls 70 thereof, may optionally be modified with grooves,internal lumens or cavities, to circulate heating/cooling fluids in suchother embodiments. Passive thermal management is preferred, as itsimplifies the design and operation of battery module 22.

It will also be understood that although the battery module 20 above hasbeen illustrated and described in conjunction with prismatic lithium ionpouch cells 26, other battery cells may also be used includingcylindrical lithium ion battery cells (in which case reinforcing divider24 may be modified to define cylindrical cavities for housing thecells), as well as battery cells employing other battery chemistries.Further, it will be understood that a number of lithium ion cellconstructions and chemistries are known and available for use inembodiments of the invention, including both wet electrolyte and solidelectrolyte (e.g. polymeric) designs.

Further, additional embodiments of the invention are provided wherein areinforcing divider, potentially monolithic and thermally conductive asdescribed herein, is received completely within a sealed interior of abattery case, and thus providing no externalized thermal transferelements. Such reinforcing dividers can nonetheless facilitate robust,mechanically stable battery module constructions, particularly where thereinforcing divider reinforces the battery case with a shock dampeningmaterial therebetween. Still further, embodiments are provided where thebattery module has the structure shown for module 20, with externalizedthermal transfer elements 80 beneficially extending below a bottom wall42 of the battery case and even more beneficially being protected by alower lip 23, but wherein the reinforcing divider is not monolithic butrather can be made from multiple pieces connected together by screws,bolts or other connection mechanisms. Module 20 and modified versionsthereof, with externalized transfer elements extending only out of abottom wall, provide efficient thermal management while minimizingexposure of the thermal transfer elements 80 for potentially injuriouscontact with users of the module, or damaging contact with otherstructures.

Particularly beneficial battery modules of the invention will exhibithigh energy densities (power-to-weight ratios), with energy densities ofat least 50 watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg), and generally in the rangeof 70 Wh/kg to 200 Wh/kg, being contemplated in certain embodimentsherein. In preferred modes, the battery module will exhibit goodportability, weighing less than about 12 kilograms, typically in therange of about 10 to about 12 kilograms. As well, desirable storagecapacities for the battery module will be at least 1 kilowatt hour(kWh), typically in the range of about 1.5 kWh to about 2.5 kWh. A rangeof operational voltage capacities may be embodied, including for exampleat least about 36 volts direct current (DC), and typically about 48 toabout 60 volts DC.

The uses of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar references inthe context of describing the invention (especially in the context ofthe following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular andthe plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted bycontext. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended toserve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separatevalue falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, andeach separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it wereindividually recited herein. All methods described herein can beperformed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein orotherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and allexamples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, isintended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose alimitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. Nolanguage in the specification should be construed as indicating anynon-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in thedrawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered asillustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood thatonly the preferred embodiment has been shown and described and that allchanges and modifications that come within the spirit of the inventionare desired to be protected. In addition, all references cited hereinare indicative of the level of skill in the art and are herebyincorporated by reference in their entirety.

What is claimed is: 1-43. (canceled)
 44. A battery module, comprising: abattery case; a divider element at least partially received within thebattery case, the divider element including a plurality of dividing wallmembers defining a plurality of cavities therebetween; a plurality ofbattery cells received within the polymeric case and including batterycells received at least partially in respective ones of said cavitiesand electrically connected in a battery cell series; a negativeelectrical terminal electrically coupled to a first end of the batterycell series; and a positive electrical terminal electrically coupled toa second end of the battery cell series.
 45. The battery module of claim44, wherein the divider element is a monolithic piece.
 46. The batterymodule of claim 45, wherein the divider element is an extruded material.47. The battery module of claim 44, wherein the divider element iscomposed of aluminum.
 48. The battery module of claim 44, wherein thedivider element also defines a plurality of thermal transfer elements.49. The battery module of claim 48, wherein the battery case encloses aportion of the divider element in a sealed environment containing atleast the battery cells, and wherein the thermal transfer elementsextend at least partially from the sealed environment.
 50. The batterymodule of claim 49, wherein the sealed environment is a hermeticallysealed environment.
 51. The battery module of claim 48, wherein thebattery case defines a bottom wall, and wherein at least a portion ofthe thermal transfer elements extends below the bottom wall.
 52. Thebattery module of claim 51, wherein the battery case also defines alower lip extending below the bottom wall.
 53. The battery module ofclaim 52, wherein the lower lip extends below the bottom wall a distanceat least equal to a distance that the thermal transfer elements extendbelow the bottom wall.
 54. The battery module of claim 44, wherein thebattery cells are lithium ion pouch cells.
 55. The battery module ofclaim 51, wherein the thermal transfer elements extending below thebottom wall are the only thermal transfer elements extending from thebattery case.
 56. The battery module of claim 51, wherein the positiveand negative electrical terminals are positioned at or upon a top wallof the battery case opposite the bottom wall.
 57. The battery module ofclaim 44, also comprising electronics for sending a remote reporting ordata collection signal.